Bobo Naz, young Mavodo season II

young Mavodo season II..this up coming artist is soon making it to the Top most.
with his dread ???? ooohh yaah..he will make it.

All kinds,...rasta stuff

Bobo Naz...trying to show what is got....well his Dreadlocks are real..and soon if all goes well his dream will come true just like the late Bob Marley ...




Rasta


cool Rasta


rasta in his Office


Mzee wakazi..wuth a pretty swagg smile Rasta


polite just rasta

they are not MAD

               



















everyone who says that these men are crazy..mmmmm he/she is wrong.
these guys are normal and very normal....
the difference is that they believe and love their lives the way it is...
its not easy maintain this kind of hair...but it does not mean its the rich people who can handle or afford it.
its the love you have for your hair..
i love rasta's lives...its amazing.        

Awesome Dreadlocks with Lil Wayne

real dreadlocks

Lil wayne also got dreadlocks just like snoop lion


little kid with his fine dreadlocks



waoooooo just look at this.....

your favorite Dreadlocks...pearl is to bring yah more of your kind

Rastafarian dreadlocks originated in Africa with the Masai tribes of Kenya! Rastafarians believe that, just like Samson the Nazarite, a man's strength rests in the length of the hair.

...and, he who chooses to cut it gives away that strength. This idea stems from the Nazarite vow written in the book of Leviticus 21:5 - "They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard nor make any cuttings in their flesh."
In the 1930's, about 100 years after the emancipation of slavery, Jamaican rastafarians adopted dreads as one their foundational principles.
As time went on, the idea slowly spread throughout the Island as more and more Jamaican dreadlocks appeared. To grow it, rastafarians would simply not comb their hair. Instead they would wash it, keep it clean, twist it, and let it to grow.
Many people ask me the question, "Do I have to grow dreadlocks to be a rastafarian?"...and I always answered Yes! why? Because dreads it is fundamental to vow...and to be a rastafarian without it contradicts the idea.
Today when you look around, you see rastafarian dreadlocks everywhere. Committed rastafarians, as well as non-committed rastafarians. Millions wear it just for style.
Regardless of how you look at it, rastafarian dreadlocks has come a long way. Who would have thought that a kinky hair style that originated in Africa, took up residence among a small group of Jamaicans would become one of the most popular hair styles in the world? No one!

Many hair stylists today have mastered the art of making channeling dreadlocks growth into the style of choice. With a few simple steps and some modern day products, it can be made into the most pleasant hair style around.
I have posted some links here for those interested in probing this further...plus the rasta resource link for those who want access to some of the best supporting products. I hope you enjoy them!
That said, I hope that you enjoy the products and if you do decide to grow dreads, that it turn out to be exactly what you desire.












now this is a dreadlocks wig...it can cost you 8.99 pounds if you need it.
well you can really appear like you got dreadlocks but deep in you , you got the truth that its not real.


Jamaican Wig.....black


jamaican wig...brown



braided and beaded wig black
more to come.....................................................................................................

Lake Mburo National Park (Safari Wildz East African Adventures)

All these can be found at lake Mburo National park
Safari can help u out

Lake Mburo National Park

Type:

Mammal

Diet:

Herbivore

Average life span in the wild:

25 years

Size:

Height at the shoulder, 3.5 to 5 ft (1.1 to 1.5 m)

Weight:

440 to 990 lbs (200 to 450 kg)

Group name:

Herd

Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man:

lake Mburo National Park

• Zebra are part of the equidae family along with horse and donkeys.
  
• Every zebra has a unique pattern of black and white stripes.
  
• There are a number of different theories which attempt to explain zebra’s unique stripes with most relating to camouflage.
  
• Wild zebras live in Africa.
  
• Common plain zebras have tails around half a metre in length (18 inches).
  
• Zebra crossings (pedestrian crossings) are named after the black and white stripes of zebras.
  
• Zebras run from side to side to being chased by a predator.
  
• Zebras have excellent eyesight and hearing.
  
• Zebras stand up while sleeping.
  
• Zebras eat mostly grass.
  
• The ears of a zebra show its mood.
  
• A zebra named Marty starred in the 2005 animated film Madagascar.
  
  
  No animal has a more distinctive coat than the zebra. Each animal's stripes are as unique as fingerprints—no two are exactly alike—although each of the three species has its own general pattern.
  Why do zebras have stripes at all? Scientists aren't sure, but many theories center on their utility as some form of camouflage. The patterns may make it difficult for predators to identify a single animal from a running herd and distort distance at dawn and dusk. Or they may dissuade insects that recognize only large areas of single-colored fur or act as a kind of natural sunscreen. Because of their uniqueness, stripes may also help zebras recognize one another.
  Zebras are social animals that spend time in herds. They graze together, primarily on grass, and even groom one another.
  Plains (Burchell's) zebras are the most common species. They live in small family groups consisting of a male (stallion), several females, and their young. These units may combine with others to form awe-inspiring herds thousands of head strong, but family members will remain close within the herd.
  Zebras must be constantly wary of lions and hyenas. A herd has many eyes alert to danger. If an animal is attacked, its family will come to its defense, circling the wounded zebra and attempting to drive off predators.
  
  

The Impala from Lake Mburo National Game Park

Capable of leaping and bounding to avoid predators, fleet-footed impalas roam the savannas and plains of Africa.

Fast Facts

Type:   Mammal

Diet:   Herbivore

Size:    Height at the shoulder, 33 to 39 in (84 to 99 cm)

Weight:   88 to 165 lbs (40 to 75 kg)

Protection status: Endangered

Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man:

Impalas are medium-sized antelopes that roam the savanna and light woodlands of eastern and southern Africa. In the rainy season, when food is plentiful, they may gather in large herds of several hundred animals to browse on grasses and herbs, bushes, shrubs, and shoots.
Herds offer protection from predators, such as lions. An alert impala will bark out an alarm that puts the entire herd to flight—and a fleeing impala is no easy prey.
Impalas are fleet runners who are able to leap distances of up to 33 feet (10 meters). They use this technique to escape predators and sometimes, apparently, simply to amuse themselves. The impala can also clear bushes and other obstacles by soaring some 10 feet (3 meters) in the air. Typically, a running impala will simply jump over anything in its path.
This graceful antelope is known for its long, spiral horns, which males use to challenge each other in tests of strength. Older impala males stake out mating territories and herd groups of females that they jealously guard against any rivals. During this exhausting mating period, the male must fight off challengers, herd his females, and mate with them. Unsuccessful bids to take over a male's territory usually end with the loser retreating to join a bachelor herd.
Females typically give birth about seven months after they mate, usually to a single impala. Both mother and baby join a herd of females and offspring within a few days.

one of the Symbol on the Ugandan Frag

Grey Crowned Crane

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Grey Crowned Crane
In Tanzania
Conservation status
Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Gruiformes
Family:	Gruidae
Genus:	Balearica
Species:	B. regulorum
Binomial name
Balearica regulorum Bennett, 1834

The Grey Crowned Crane (Balearica regulorum) is a bird in the crane family Gruidae. It occurs in dry savannah in Africa south of the Sahara, although it nests in somewhat wetter habitats.They can also be found in marshes, cultivated lands and grassy flatlands near rivers and lakes in eastern from the Uganda and Kenya, south to South Africa. This animal does not migrate. There are two subspecies. The East African B. r. gibbericeps (Crested Crane) occurs from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo through Uganda, of which it is the national bird, and Kenya to eastern South Africa. It has a larger area of bare red facial skin above the white patch than the smaller nominate species, B. r. regulorum (South African Crowned Crane), which breeds from Angola south to South Africa.
This species and the closely related Black Crowned Crane are the only cranes that can roost in trees, because of a long hind toe that can grasp branches. This habit, amongst other things, is a reason why the relatively small Balearica cranes are believed to closely resemble the ancestral members of the Gruidae.

Contents

• 1 Behaviour
• 2 Reproduction
• 3 Description
• 4 Diet
• 5 References
• 6 External links

Behaviour

In Tarime District, Mara, Tanzania

At Copenhagen Zoo

The Grey Crowned Crane has a breeding display involving dancing, bowing, and jumping. It has a booming call which involves inflation of the red gular sac. It also makes a honking sound quite different from the trumpeting of other crane species. Both sexes dance, and immature birds join the adults. Dancing is an integral part of courtship, but also may be done at any time of the year.

Reproduction

During the breeding season, pairs of cranes construct a large nest; a platform of grass and other plants in tall wetland vegetation. The Grey Crowned Crane lays a clutch of 2-5 glossy, dirty-white eggs, which are incubated by both sexes for 28–31 days. Chicks are precocial, can run as soon as they hatch, and fledge in 56–100 days.

Description

The Grey Crowned Crane is about 1 m (3.3 ft) tall and weighs 3.5 kg (7.7 lbs)and a wingspan of six and half feet (2m). Its body plumage is mainly grey. The wings are also predominantly white, but contain feathers with a range of colours. The head has a crown of stiff golden feathers. The sides of the face are white, and there is a bright red inflatable throat pouch. The bill is relatively short and grey, and the legs are black. The have long legs for wading through the grasses. The feet are large, yet slender, adapted for balance rather than defense or grasping. The sexes are similar, although males tend to be slightly larger. Young birds are greyer than adults, with a feathered buff face.

Diet

These cranes are omnivores, eating plants, seeds, grain, insects, frogs, worms, snakes, small fish and the eggs of aquatic animals. Stamping their feet as they walk, they flush out insects which are quickly caught and eaten. The birds also associate with grazing herbivores, benefiting from the ability to grab prey items disturbed by antelopes and gazelles. They spend their entire day looking for food. At night, the crowned crane spends it time in the trees sleeping and resting.
The Grey Crowned Crane is the national bird of Uganda and features in the country's flag and coat of arms.Although the Grey Crowned Crane remains common over much of its range, it faces threats to its habitat due to drainage, overgrazing, and pesticide pollution. Their global population is estimated to be between 58,000 and 77,000 individuals. In 2012 it was uplisted from Vulnerable to Endangered by the IUCN.^[2]

will be so glad if i get some Questions from the viewers , show me some interest

feel free to give all the comments you have....
am interested in seeing them 'all..
thank you,
from the managemen

MORE IMAGES OF APES/GORILLAS

with SAFARI, you can enjoy all this @Queen Elizabeth National PArk

Gorrila Trek @Queen Elizabeth National Park

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia

Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Gorilla
Species: Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei
Subspecies: G. beringei beringei (Mountain gorilla), G. beringei grauri (Eastern lowland gorilla), G. gorilla gorilla (Western lowland gorilla), G. gorilla diehli (Cross River gorillas)
See images of all four subspecies and read more about them here:
Great Apes: All 4 Gorillas Subspecies
Basic gorilla facts:
Gorillas are mainly herbivorous apes.
A male gorilla can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in height and weigh around 480 pounds (220 kilograms), depending on the subspecies, while a female can grow up to around 5 feet (1.5 m) in height and weigh up to 215 pounds (98 kg). The lifespan of a gorilla is 35-50 years.
Like humans, gorillas have 10 fingers and 10 toes, small ears on the side of their heads, 32 teeth and forward-looking eyes.
Gorillas have a distinctive body shape and their stomachs are larger than their chests. This is because of their enlarged intestines, which are necessary to digest the very bulky and fibrous vegetation that they eat.
Due to the low nutritional quality of the food they eat, a gorilla must eat up to 40 pounds (18 kg) of food per day. In order to harvest food, gorillas have extremely well-developed arm muscles, with an upper body strength six times more powerful than a human's.
While they are capable of walking upright, gorillas predominantly walk on four limbs.
Although they have no discernible language, it is estimated that gorillas have at least 22 distinct sounds, which they use for communication.
A gorilla will typically spend a third of the day eating, a third of the day foraging for food and playing, with the rest of the time spent resting and sleeping.
Gorillas live in small family groups known as troops. The typical gorillas troop includes one silverback, a male leader, one immature male, three or four adult females and three to six young offspring under eight years of age. While gorillas are generally peaceable, conflicts can occur when troops interact, particularly if a solitary male contacts a new group.
A female gorilla is ready to reproduce when she is around eight years old. She must first leave the safety of her own troop and find another troop or a lone silverback to live with.
Gorillas are preyed upon by leopards and crocodiles.
Where gorillas live:
Gorillas are ground dwelling and primarily live in tropical forests in Africa:
The western lowland gorilla can be found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo and Equatorial Guinea.
The eastern lowland gorilla can be found in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The mountain gorilla can be found around the Virunga volcanoes in high-altitude tropical forests in Rwanda, Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Cross River gorilla can be found in a small area between Nigeria and Cameroon.
Conservation status: Endangered to Critically Endangered
The Cross River gorilla is the world's rarest great ape, with fewer than 300 individuals surviving in the wild. Western lowland gorillas are the most numerous subspecies, with an estimated 175,000 individuals in the wild, according to the Smithsonian National Zoo.
Eight African nations have enacted laws to protect gorillas. The main threats to them are deforestation and fragmentation of habitat, poaching, civil wars and unrest, as well as disease transmission from humans.
Odd facts:
Gorillas are the largest living primates.
Gorilla DNA is 98 percent similar to that of a human, and gorillas are the next closest living relatives of humans after the bonobo and chimpanzee.
A newborn gorilla grows quickly, and learns to walk by six months. By 18 months it can follow its mother on foot for short distances.

EAGLES AT QUEEN ELIZABETH/SAFARIS

Bald Eagle (in the pic)

• Eagles are large, powerful birds of prey.
• Eagles have large, hooked beaks.
  
• Eagles have excellent eyesight.
  
• Eagles have powerful talons which help them catch prey.
  
• Eagles build their nests on high cliffs or in tall trees.
  
• There are over 60 different species of eagle around the world.
  
• Eagles feature prominently on the coat of arms of a large number of countries, such as Germany, Mexico, Egypt, Poland and Austria.
  
• Golden eagles have been known to hunt foxes, wild cats and even young deer and goats.
  
• Female golden eagles usually lay between one and four eggs each breeding season.
  
• Bald eagles aren’t actually bald. More bald eagle facts.
  

Eagles are large, powerfully built birds of prey, with a heavy head and beak. Even the smallest eagles, like the Booted Eagle (Aquila pennata) (which is comparable in size to a Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) or Red-tailed Hawk (B. jamaicensis)), have relatively longer and more evenly broad wings, and more direct, faster flight – despite the reduced size of aerodynamic feathers. Most eagles are larger than any other raptors apart from some vultures. The smallest species of eagle is the South Nicobar Serpent Eagle (Spilornis klossi), at 450 g (1 lb) and 40 cm (16 in). The largest species are discussed below. Like all birds of prey, eagles have very large hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong muscular legs, and powerful talons. The beak is typically heavier than that of most other birds of prey. Eagles' eyes are extremely powerful, having up to 3.6 times human acuity for the martial eagle, which enables them to spot potential prey from a very long distance.^[2] This keen eyesight is primarily attributed to their extremely large pupils which ensure minimal diffraction (scattering) of the incoming light. The female of all species of eagle known is larger than the male.^[3][4]
Eagles normally build their nests, called eyries, in tall trees or on high cliffs. Many species lay two eggs, but the older, larger chick frequently kills its younger sibling once it has hatched. The dominant chick tends to be the female, as they are bigger than the male. The parents take no action to stop the killing.^[5][6]
Due to the size and power of many eagle species, they are ranked at the top of the food chain as apex predators in the avian world. The type of prey varies from genus to genus. The Haliaeetus and Ichthyophaga eagles prefer to capture fish, though the species in the former often capture various animals, especially other water birds, and are powerful kleptoparasites of other birds. The snake and serpent eagles of the genera Circaetus, Terathopius and Spilornis predominantly prey on the great diversity of snakes that are found in the tropics of Africa and Asia. The eagles of the genus Aquila are often the top birds of prey in open habitats, taking almost any medium-sized vertebrate they can catch. Where Aquila eagles are absent, other eagles, such as the buteonine Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle of South America, may assume the position of top raptorial predator in open areas. Many other eagles, including the species-rich Spizaetus genus, live predominantly in woodlands and forest. These eagles often target various arboreal or ground-dwelling mammals and birds, which are often unsuspectingly ambushed in such dense, knotty environments. Hunting techniques differ among the species and genera, with some individual eagles having engaged in quite varied techniques based their environment and prey at any given time. Most eagles grab prey without landing and take flight with it so the prey can be carried to a perch and torn apart.^[7] The Bald Eagle is noted for having flown with the heaviest load verified to be carried by any flying bird, since one eagle flew with a 6.8 kg (15 lb) mule deer fawn.^[8] However, a few eagles may target prey considerably heavier than themselves; such prey is too heavy to fly with and thus it is either eaten at the site of the kill or taken in pieces back to a perch or nest. Golden and Crowned Eagles have killed ungulates weighing up to 30 kg (66 lb) and a Martial Eagle even killed a 37 kg (82 lb) duiker, 7–8 times heavier than the predating eagle.^[7][9] Authors on birds David Allen Sibley, Pete Dunne and Clay Sutton, described the behavioral difference between hunting eagles and other birds of prey thus (in this case the Bald and Golden Eagles as compared to other North American raptors):^[10]

They have at least one singular characteristic. It has been observed that most birds of prey look back over their shoulders before striking prey (or shortly thereafter); predation is after all a two-edged sword. All hawks seem to have this habit, from the smallest kestrel to the largest Ferruginous – but not the Eagles.

Among the eagles are some of the largest birds of prey: only the condors and some of the Old World vultures are markedly larger. It is regularly debated which should be considered the largest species of eagle. They could be measured variously in total length, body mass or wingspan. Different lifestyle needs among various eagles result in variable measurements from species to species. For example, many forest-dwelling eagles, including the very large Harpy and Philippine Eagles, have relatively short wingspans, a feature necessary for being able to maneuver in quick, short bursts through dense forested habitats.^[7] On the other hand, eagles in the genus Aquila are found almost strictly in open country, are superlative soarers, and have relatively long wings for their size.^[7]
Here are lists of the top five eagles going on weight, length and, lastly, wingspan. Unless otherwise noted via reference, the figures listed are the median reported for each measurement in the guide Raptors of the World (Ferguson-Lees, et al.), in which only measurements that could be personally verified by the authors were listed.^[7]

Rank	Common Name	Scientific Name	Body Mass
1	Steller's Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus pelagicus	6.7 kilograms (15 lb)
2	Philippine Eagle	Pithecophaga jefferyi	6.35 kg (14.0 lb)
3	Harpy Eagle	Harpia harpyja	5.95 kg (13.1 lb)
4	White-tailed Eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla	4.8 kg (11 lb)[11]
5	Martial Eagle	Polemaetus bellicosus	4.6 kg (10 lb)[11]

Rank	Common Name	Scientific Name	Total Length
1	Philippine Eagle	Pithecophaga jefferyi	100 cm (3 ft 3 in)[12]
2	Harpy Eagle	Harpia harpyja	95.5 cm (3 ft 2 in)
3	Wedge-tailed Eagle	Aquila audax	95.5 cm (3 ft 2 in)
4	Steller's Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus pelagicus	95 cm (3 ft 1 in)
5	Crowned Eagle	Stephanoaetus coronatus	87.5 cm (2 ft 10 in)

Rank	Common Name	Scientific Name	Median Wingspan
1	White-tailed Eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla	218.5 cm (7 ft 2 in)
2	Steller's Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus pelagicus	212.5 cm (7 ft 0 in)
3	Wedge-tailed Eagle	Aquila audax	210 cm (6 ft 11 in)[13][14]
4	Golden Eagle	Aquila chrysaetos	207 cm (6 ft 9 in)
5	Martial Eagle	Polemaetus bellicosus	206.5 cm (6 ft 9 in)

Species

Martial Eagle in Namibia

Philippine Eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi in Southern Philippines

Wedge Tailed Eagle in Australia

Major new research into eagle taxonomy suggests that the important genera Aquila and Hieraaetus are not composed of nearest relatives, and it is likely that a reclassification of these genera will soon take place, with some species being moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus.^[15]

• Bonelli's Eagle, and the Booted Eagle have been moved from Hieraaetus to Aquila.
• Either the Greater Spotted Eagle and Lesser Spotted Eagle should move from Aquila to join the Long-crested Eagle in Lophaetus, or, perhaps better, all three of these species should move to Ictinaetus with the Black Eagle.
• The Steppe Eagle and Tawny Eagle, once thought to be conspecific, are not even each other's nearest relatives.

Family

Main article: Accipitridae

• Subfamily Buteoninae – hawks (buzzards), true eagles and seaeagles
  • Genus Geranoaetus
    • Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle, Geranoaetus melanoleucus
  • Genus Harpyhaliaetus
    • Crowned Solitary Eagle, Harpyhaliaetus coronatus
    • Montane Solitary Eagle, H. solitarius
  • Genus Morphnus
    • Crested Eagle, Morphnus guianensis
  • Genus Harpia
    • Harpy Eagle, Harpia harpyja
  • Genus Pithecophaga
    • Philippine Eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi
  • Genus Harpyopsis
    • Papuan Eagle, Harpyopsis novaeguineae
  • Genus Oroaetus
    • Black-and-chestnut Eagle, Oroaetus isidori
  • Genus Spizaetus
    • Crested Hawk-Eagle, Spizaetus cirrhatus
    • Mountain Hawk-Eagle, S. nipalensis
    • Blyth's Hawk-Eagle, S. alboniger
    • Javan Hawk-Eagle, S. bartelsi
    • Sulawesi Hawk-Eagle, S. lanceolatus
    • Philippine Hawk-Eagle, S. philippensis
    • Wallace's Hawk-Eagle, S. nanus
    • Black Hawk-Eagle, S. tyrannus
    • Ornate Hawk-Eagle, S. ornatus
    • Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle, S. melanoleucus
  • Genus Lophaetus
    • Long-crested Eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis – possibly belongs in Ictinaetus
  • Genus Stephanoaetus
    • Crowned Eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus
  • Genus Polemaetus
    • Martial Eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus
  • Genus Hieraaetus
    • Ayres' Hawk-eagle, Hieraaetus ayresii
    • African Hawk-Eagle, H. spilogaster
    • Little Eagle, H. morphnoides
      • Pygmy Eagle, H. m. weiskei
  • Genus Harpagornis (extinct)
    • Haast's Eagle, †Harpagornis moorei – possibly belongs in either Hieraaetus or Aquila^[16]
  • Genus Lophotriorchis
    • Rufous-bellied Hawk-Eagle, L. kienerii
      

      

      A Steppe Eagle in Lahore Zoo, Pakistan
  • Genus Aquila
    • Bonelli's Eagle, Aquila fasciata – formerly in Hieraaetus fasciatus
    • Cassin's Hawk-Eagle, A. africana – formerly in Hieraaetus or Spizaetus genera
    • Booted Eagle, A. pennata – formerly Hieraaetus pennatus
    • Golden Eagle, A. chrysaetos
    • Eastern Imperial Eagle, A. heliaca
    • Spanish Imperial Eagle A. adalberti
    • Steppe Eagle, A. nipalensis
    • Tawny Eagle, A. rapax
    • Greater Spotted Eagle, A. clanga – to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus
    • Lesser Spotted Eagle, A. pomarina – to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus
    • Indian Spotted Eagle, A. hastata – to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus
    • Verreaux's Eagle, A. verreauxii
    • Gurney's Eagle, A. gurneyi
    • Wahlberg's Eagle, A. wahlbergi
    • Wedge-tailed Eagle, A. audax
  • Genus Ictinaetus
    • Black Eagle, Ictinaetus malayensis
  • Genus Haliaeetus
    • White-tailed Eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla
    • Bald Eagle, H. leucocephalus
    • Steller's Sea Eagle, H. pelagicus
    • African Fish Eagle, H. vocifer
    • White-bellied Sea Eagle, H. leucogaster
    • Sanford's Sea Eagle, H. sanfordi
    • Madagascar Fish Eagle, H. vociferoides
    • Pallas' Sea Eagle, H. leucoryphus
  • Genus Ichthyophaga
    • Lesser Fish Eagle, Ichthyophaga humilis
    • Grey-headed Fish Eagle, I. ichthyaetus

Short-toed Snake Eagle in flight

• Subfamily Circaetinae: snake-eagles
  • Genus Terathopius
    • Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus
  • Genus Circaetus
    • Short-toed Snake Eagle, Circaetus gallicus
    • Black-chested Snake Eagle, C. pectoralis
    • Brown Snake Eagle, C. cinereus
    • Fasciated Snake Eagle, C. fasciolatus
    • Western Banded Snake Eagle, C. cinerascens
  • Genus Spilornis
    • Crested Serpent Eagle, Spilornis cheela
      • Central Nicobar Serpent Eagle, S. minimus (subspecies or species)
    • Great Nicobar Serpent Eagle, S. klossi
    • Mountain Serpent Eagle, S. kinabaluensis
    • Sulawesi Serpent Eagle, S. rufipectus
    • Philippine Serpent Eagle, S. holospilus
    • Andaman Serpent Eagle, S. elgini
  • Genus Eutriorchis
    • Madagascar Serpent Eagle, Eutriorchis astur
      

      Eagles in culture

      Etymology

      The modern English term for the bird is derived from Latin: aquila by way of French: aigle. The origin of aquila is unknown, but it is believed to possibly derive from either aquilus (meaning dark-colored, swarthy, or blackish) as a reference to the plumage of eagles or from aquilo (meaning north wind).
      Old English used the term earn, related to Scandinavia's ørn / örn. It is similar to other Indo-European terms for "bird" or "eagle", including Greek: ὄρνις (ornís), Russian: орёл (orël), and Welsh: eryr. The Albanian word for eagle is shqiponjë, deriving from the root shqipe.
      In Britain before 1678, eagle referred specifically to the Golden Eagle, with the other native species, the White-tailed Eagle, being known as erne. The modern name "Golden Eagle" for aquila chrysaetos was introduced by naturalist John Ray.^{[citation needed]}
      

      Religion

      

      

      Garuda, the Vahana of Lord Vishnu, depicted with an eagle's beak and wings
      The Moche people of ancient Peru worshiped the animal and often depicted eagles in their art.^[17]
      Despite modern and historic Native American practices of giving eagle feathers to non-indigenous people and also members of other tribes who have been deemed worthy, current United States eagle feather law stipulates that only individuals of certifiable Native American ancestry enrolled in a federally recognized tribe are legally authorized to obtain eagle feathers for religious or spiritual reasons.^[18] In Canada, poaching of eagle feathers for the booming U.S. market has sometimes resulted in the arrests of First Nations person for the crime.^[19]
      In Hindu religion, Garuda is a lesser Hindu divinity, usually the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu. Garuda is depicted as having the golden body of a strong man with a white face, red wings, and an eagle's beak and with a crown on his head. This ancient deity was said to be massive, large enough to block out the sun.
      The eagle is also the patron animal of Zeus. In particular, Zeus was said to have taken the form of an eagle in order to abduct Ganymede, and there are numerous artistic depictions of the Eagle Zeus bearing Ganymede aloft, from Classical times up to the present (see illustrations in the Ganymede (mythology) page.)
      The Eagle is also the symbol of Libby, Montana which was recently named "The City of Eagles"^[20][21]
      

      As national symbols

      See also: Eagles in heraldry

      This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (February 2012)

      

      

      The coat of arms of Mexico – a golden eagle perched upon a cactus eating a snake
      

      

      The coat of arms of Austria – a black eagle holding a hammer and a sickle, with a broken chain between its legs
      Eagles have been used by many nations as a national symbol.
      
    • The coat of arms of Albania has a black double-headed eagle. Furthermore the eagle gives Albania its name ( in Albanian Shqiperia meaning Land of the eagles) and Albanians call themselves shqipetar or shqipe meaning eagles.
    • The coat of arms of Armenia has a gold eagle and lion.
    • The coat of arms of Austria has a black eagle.
    • The coat of arms of the Czech Republic integrates the symbols of Moravia and Silesia (both with female eagles in their emblems – red-and-white chequered and black respectively) on the coat of arms of the Czech Republic with Bohemia's lion.
    • The coat of arms of Egypt is a golden eagle looking towards the viewer's left. It is taking from the golden Eagle of Saladin founded on Saladin Citadel of Cairo.
    • The coat of arms of Germany has a black eagle.
    • The coat of arms of Ghana has two golden eagles holding it.
    • The coat of arms of Iceland has an eagle holding it, as well as a dragon, a bull and a giant.
    • The coat of arms of Indonesia has an eagle-like garuda carrying a shield on its neck and a banner on its feet.
    • The coat of arms of Iraq has the golden Eagle of Saladin.
    • The coat of arms of Mexico has a golden eagle perched upon a cactus devouring a snake.
    • The coat of arms of Moldova consists of a stylized eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sceptre and a branch in its claws.
    • The coat of arms of Montenegro represents the two-headed eagle in flight.
    • The coat of arms of Navarre/Basque Country Kingdom has a black eagle.
    • The coat of arms of Nigeria has a red eagle on top.
    • The coat of arms of Palestine has the golden Eagle of Saladin.
    • The coat of arms of Panama has a harpy eagle.
    • The coat of arms of the Philippines has the bald eagle of the United States as a symbol of its colonial past, but the Monkey-eating Eagle is the de jure National Bird of the country.
    • The coat of arms of Poland has a white eagle with a golden beak and talons wearing a golden crown.
    • The coat of arms of Romania has a golden aquila holding a cross in its beak and a mace and a sword in its claws.
    • The coat of arms of Russia has a gold double-headed eagle.
    • The coat of arms of Serbia has a white bicephalic eagle of the House of Nemanjić.
    • The coat of arms of Syria formerly had the eagle of Saladin.
    • The Great Seal of the United States has a bald eagle.
    • The coat of arms of Yemen depicts a golden eagle with a scroll between its claws.
    • The coat of arms of Zambia has an orange red eagle on top.
    • The Polish and the Serbian eagles are distinguished by their white color.
    Historic uses:
    
  • The Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt used it as their seal.
  • Napoleon I used the Roman Golden Eagle as the symbol of his new French empire.
  • Persian Empire: the symbol of Persian Army was an Eagle.
  • The Romans used it on the standards of their armies. From this derives:
    • The late Byzantine Empire chose a two-headed golden eagle as its symbol. It is popularly that one head symbolised ancient Rome, and the other head symbolized "new Rome" at Constantinople. From this derives:
      • The two-headed eagle is the emblem of "Shqipëria" or Land of the Eagles, which is known in English as Albania (see The Tale of the Eagle for the legendary origin of the name).
      • After the fall of Constantinople, the Russian Empire took the two-headed eagle as its own symbol.
    • After his crowning as the new Roman Emperor, Charlemagne adopted the ancient Roman eagle as his own symbol. The Holy Roman Empire born of his kingdom took the eagle, but the Habsburgs replaced the golden eagle by an imperial eagle. From this derives:
      • The Austrian Empire had a two-headed eagle as its symbol. After the abolition of Austria-Hungary, Austria took as its symbol a one-headed eagle in the modern coat of arms of Austria.
      • Prussia, and later Germany have used a black eagle as their national symbol.
      • The Spanish Catholic monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, used the eagle as a part of the royal shield representing Saint John the Evangelist. The eagle was again on the Spanish shield under the Francoist regime and the transition to Democracy (1939–1981).
  • The Seljuk Turks and Ottoman Turks used a double-headed eagle as coats-of-arms.
  • During the 1930s and 1940s Hitler's Nazi Germany used a black eagle with its wings outstretched and clutching a swastika as its insignia.

  References

• ^ del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-15-6
• ^ Shlaer, Robert (1972). "An Eagle's Eye: Quality of the Retinal Image". Science 176 (4037): 920–922. doi:10.1126/science.176.4037.920. PMID 5033635. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
• ^ Leclerc, Georges Louis, Comte de Buffon (2010). The Natural History of Birds: From the French of the Count de Buffon; Illustrated with Engravings, and a Preface, Notes, and Additions, by the Translator. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-108-02298-9.
• ^ Grambo, Rebecca L. (2003). Eagles. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-89658-363-4.
• ^ Grambo, Rebecca L (2003). Eagles. Voyageur Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-89658-363-4.
• ^ Stinson, Christopher H (1979). "On the Selective Advantage of Fratricide in Raptors". Evolution 33 (4): 1219–1225. doi:10.2307/2407480.
• ^ ^{a b c d e} Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D. (2001). Raptors of the World. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-8026-1.
• ^ "Amazing Bird Records". Trails.com. Retrieved 2012-07-20.
• ^ Watson, Jeff (2011). The Golden Eagle: Second Edition. ISBN 978-0-30017-019-1.
• ^ Sutton, C.; Dunne, P.; Sibley, D. (1989). Hawks in Flight: The Flight Identification of North American Migrant Raptors. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-3955-1022-8.
• ^ ^{a b} del Hoyo, J; Elliot, A; Sarg
• Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-20-2.
• ^ Gamauf, A., Preleuthner, M., and Winkler, H. (1998). "Philippine Birds of Prey: Interrelations among habitat, morphology and behavior". The Auk 115 (3): 713–726. doi:10.2307/4089419.
• ^ Morgan, A.M. "The spread and weight of the Wedge-tailed Eagle". South Australian Ornithologist 11: 156–157.
• ^ Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
• ^ Lerner, H. R. L.; Mindell, D. P. (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37 (2): 327–346. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. PMID 15925523.
• ^ Bunce, M.; et al. (2005). "Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle". PLoS Biol 3 (1): e9. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030009. PMC 539324. PMID 15660162.
• ^ Larco Herrera, Rafael and Berrin, Kathleen (1997) The Spirit of Ancient Peru Thames and Hudson, New York, ISBN 0500018022
• ^ Office of Law Enforcement. "National Eagle Repository". Mountain-Prairie Region. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
• ^ Sin, Lena (2006-04-30). "Charges laid in eagle-poaching case". The Province (CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc.). Retrieved 2007-11-20.
• ^ Berget, Todd. "Custom Iron Eagles".
• ^ Libby, Montana: City of Eagles. Roadsideamerica.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-02.

Further reading

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